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2020年自考语言与文化考试重点三

发表时间：2020-01-21 10:34 来源:未知作者：江苏自考网小编

3. Words and associative meaning

3.1 Words and connotative meaning

book: C: contain knowledge and wisdom for people, youth must learn

E: it express ideas for people to consider, to agree or disagree, and to comment

Sexy: C: connotes loose sex morality

E: it is a positive human quality

Old, young: C: young means inexperienced, and inconsistent. Old means mature, skilled and experienced.

E: young means flexible, vigorous, and creative. Old means traditional, senile, and useless.

Dog: C: is very pejorative.

E: it can even be considered as a family member.

Peasant: C: doesn’t have derogatory connotations.

E: it has derogatory

Landlord, capitalist, boss: C: are pejorative in Chinese

E: not

Comrade: C: connotes warmth, friendliness and equality

E: means spies of the Soviet Union

Ambitious, aggressive: C: it is pejorative

E: it is considered good qualities and both positive in meaning.

Self-made man: C:

E: it is positive term. Connoting lack of financial foundation and influential connections.

Individualism: C: it is means selfishness

E: it is positive term

Propaganda: C: it is a neutral term.

E: it is a pejorative term in English

Do-gooder: C: it is means unselfish and helpful

E: it is a pejorative term in English

Spiritual:C: it hasn’t this means in Chinese.

E: it has religious connotation.

3.2 Words and social meaning

British English: spoken in the U.K, Australia, New Zealand, West Indian Isles

American English: spoken in the North America.

BrE	AmE	Chinese
Brooch	Breastpin	胸针
Mackintosh	Raincoat	雨衣
Sweet	Candy	糖果
Flat	Apartment	公寓
Pail	Bucket	水桶
Cellar	Basement	地下室
Tap	Faucet	水龙头
Timetable	Schedule	时间表
Booking office	Ticket office	售票处
Autumn	Fall	秋天
torch	flashlight	手电筒

BrE	AmE	Chinese
Scone	biscuit	软饼
Biscuit	Cracker	饼干
Cracker	Firecracker	爆竹
Corn	Grain	谷物
Maize	Corn	玉米
Jumper	Sweater	毛线衣
Blouse	Jumper	短套衫
Vest	Undershirt	汗衫
Waistcoat	Vest	背心
Purse	Change purse	钱包
Handbag	Purse	手提包
Truck	Flatcar	铁路平板车
Lorry	Truck	卡车
Shop	Store	商店
store	Warehouse	货栈

From English	From French	Meaning in Chinese
Answer	reply	回答
Rest	Repose	休息
Room	Chamber	房间
Bear	Endure	忍受
Woods	Forest	树林
Gift	Present	礼物
Love	Affection	爱情
House	Mansion	房子
King	Sovereign	国王
Wish	Desire	愿望
make	Create	创造

There are also many triples of synonyms in Englsih.

From English	From French	From Latin	Meaning in Chinese
Weak	feeble	Fragile	软弱
Size	Caliber	Magnitude	大小
Empty	Devoid	Vacuous	空的
End	Finish	Complete	结束
Rise	Mount	Ascend	上升
Ask	Question	Interrogate	问
Belly	Stomach	Abdomen	胃、腹
Fire	Flame	Conflagration	火
Time	Age	Epoch	时代
Die	Pass	Decease	死
count	Calculate	compute	算

English has been closely related to Latin as well. They borrowed dozens of words from Latin words entered English. Of course, sets of synonyms in English are not limited to the pairs and triples discussed above.